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Dipole in a magnetic field

(a)  2.00 Find $\omega_{0}$ and the direction of $\vec{v}_{0}$, so that the center of mass will move with the constant velocity $\vec{v}=\vec{v}_{0}$ ?

1

General guidelines for marking

  • Granularity for marks is $0.1~$p.
  • A simple numerical error resulting from a typo is punished by $0.2~$p unless the grading scheme explicitly says otherwise. 
  • Errors which cause dimensionally wrong results are punished by at least $50 \%$ of the marks unless the grading scheme explicitly says otherwise.
  • Propagating errors are not punished repeatedly unless they either lead to considerable simplifications or wrong results whose validity can easily be checked later.
0.00
2 Rationalizes that the net force on the dipole is zero if the two poles move with equal velocities; Just argument $v= \mathrm{const} \Rightarrow \sum \vec{F}=0$ is $0~$pts. 0.70
3 Concludes that $\omega_{0}=0$. 0.30
4 Using the argument of zero torque, concludes that the velocity should be perpendicular to the dipole; 0.70
5 Just argument $\omega= \mathrm{const} =0 \Rightarrow \vec{\tau}=0$ 0.40
6 States explicitly that $\vec{v}_{0} \| Y$ (or $\perp X$ ). 0.30
(b)  3.00 Given $\omega_{0}$, find such $\vec{v}_{0}$ (direction and magnitude), so that the center of mass will travel in a circle. Find the circle radius $R_{c}$ and the coordinates $x_{c}, y_{c}$ of its center. You don't need to prove the uniqueness of the solution.

1 Derives expression for the magnitude of the net force on the dipole in terms of $\omega$ AND states explicitly that it is parallel to the dipole axis OR derives one single vector expression. 0.90
2 Realizes (drawing or explicit statement) that $\vec{F}$ and the dipole axis point to the center of the orbit, and concludes that $\omega_{0}$ is equal to the orbital angular velocity. 0.50
3 Writes down Newton's second law for the circular motion. 0.50
4 Makes use of the relation $v_{0}=|\omega| R_{c}$. 0.20
5 Derives expression for $v_{0}$ and specifies its direction (drawing or statement) OR derives one single vector expression for $\vec{v}_{0}$ 0.30
6 Direction is wrong or missing 0.20
7 Derives explicitly $R_{c}=q b D /\left(2 m\left|\omega_{0}\right|\right)$. If $|\cdot|$ is omitted, still full points. 0.30
8 Writes down the coordinates of the center of the orbit: 0.00
9 Correct $x_{c}$ (including sign). $x_{c}=q b D /\left(2 m \omega_{0}\right)$ is a correct answer 0.20
10 Correct $y_{c}$ 0.10
(c)  4.00 Given $\vec{v}_{0}=0$, find the minimal $\omega_{0}=\omega_{\text {min }}$ necessary for the dipole to reverse its orientation during the motion.

1 M1 By integrating the equation(s) of motion derives a "generalized momentum" conservation law - a relationship between the linear momentum $2 m \vec{v}$ and the dipole moment $\vec{p}$ - in vector form OR for the Cartesian components. 1.50
2 M1 States explicitly that the kinetic energy of the dipole conserves. 0.30
3 M1 Writes down explicit expression for the kinetic energy in terms of angular velocity and linear velocity of the center of mass. 0.50
4 M1 Realizes that $\omega_{0}$ is minimal when $\omega_{1}=0$ in the reversed position. 0.20
5 M1 By using the "generalized momentum" conservation, derives explicit expression for the linear velocity $v_{1}$. 0.50
6 M1 Applies the conservation of energy to find relationship between $v_{1}$ and $\omega_{\text {min }}$ 0.80
7 M1 Derives the final expression for $\omega_{\text {min }}$ 0.20
M2 Alternative approach: pendulum analogy
9 M2 Derives the expression $\tau=-B(\vec{p} \cdot \vec{v})$ for the torque. Even if the derivation has been made in parts (a) or (b), the points should be assigned to Task (c); If term $(\vec{B} \cdot \vec{p})$ is not cancelled, still full points 0.50
10 M2 By integrating the equations of motion, expresses $v_{x}$ and $v_{y}$ in terms of $\theta$. 1.50
11 M2 Writes down the equation of rotational motion in terms of $\sin \theta$. 0.50
12 M2 States that the angular dynamics of the dipole is equivalent to a large-amplitude oscillation of a mathematical pendulum. 0.30
13 M2 Realizes that $\omega_{0}$ is minimal when $\omega_{1}=0$ in the reversed position. 0.20
14 M2 Applies the conservation of energy to the "equivalent pendulum". 0.80
15 M2 Derives the final expression for $\omega_{\text {min }}$ 0.20
(d)  1.00 If the dipole starts with $\vec{v}_{0}=0$ and $\omega_{0}=\omega_{\text {min }}$ found in part (c), the trajectory of its center of mass has an asymptote. Find the distance $D$ from the origin to the asymptote.

1 Rationalizes that the asymptote is parallel to $Y$, i.e. $x= \pm D$. 0.10
2 Rationalizes that asymptotically the motion is linear uniform 0.20
3 Either finds conservation law $\vec{L}_{O}+\vec{B}(\vec{R} \cdot \vec{p})$ OR writes $x_{\infty}$ as integral of $v_{x}$ (with explicit expression for $v_{x}$ ) as a method to find $D$. 0.30
4 Correctly computes generalized angular momentum at 0 and $\infty$ OR uses $\sin \theta \propto \ddot{\theta}$ in integral. 0.20
5 Concludes that $D=d$. 0.20